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class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-09-18T10:01:57.000Z" title="发表于 2020-09-18 18:01:57">2020-09-18</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2021-01-10T12:15:26.023Z" title="更新于 2021-01-10 20:15:26">2021-01-10</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/">前端学习</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"> <span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span 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<li><h2 id="操作元素"><a href="#操作元素" class="headerlink" title="操作元素:"></a>操作元素:</h2><blockquote>
<p>纯属随笔记录，具体详细教程，请查阅<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API">MDN Web 文档</a></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><h3 id="自定义属性的操作"><a href="#自定义属性的操作" class="headerlink" title="自定义属性的操作:"></a>自定义属性的操作:</h3><ol>
<li><h4 id="获取属性值"><a href="#获取属性值" class="headerlink" title="获取属性值:"></a>获取属性值:</h4></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>element.属性</code></strong>  获取属性值。</li>
<li><strong><code>element.getAttribute(&#39;属性&#39;)</code></strong></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="区别："><a href="#区别：" class="headerlink" title="区别："></a>区别：</h4><ul>
<li><strong><code>element.属性</code></strong>  获取内置属性值（元素本身自带的属性）</li>
<li><strong><code>element.getAttribute(‘属性’)</code></strong>  主要获得自定义的属性 （标准） 我们程序员自定义的属性</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><h4 id="设置属性值"><a href="#设置属性值" class="headerlink" title="设置属性值:"></a>设置属性值:</h4></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>element.属性 = ‘值’</code></strong>  设置<strong>内置属性值</strong>。</li>
<li><strong><code>element.setAttribute(&#39;属性&#39;, &#39;值&#39;)</code></strong></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="区别：-1"><a href="#区别：-1" class="headerlink" title="区别："></a>区别：</h4><ul>
<li><strong><code>element.属性</code></strong>  设置内置属性值</li>
<li><strong><code>element.setAttribute(‘属性’)</code></strong>  主要设置<strong>自定义的属性 （标准）</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li><h4 id="移除属性"><a href="#移除属性" class="headerlink" title="移除属性:"></a>移除属性:</h4></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>element.removeAttribute(&#39;属性&#39;)</code></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><h3 id="H5自定义属性"><a href="#H5自定义属性" class="headerlink" title="H5自定义属性:"></a>H5自定义属性:</h3><blockquote>
<p><strong>自定义属性目的：</strong>是为了保存并使用数据。有些数据可以保存到页面中而不用保存到数据库中。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>自定义属性获取是通过**<code>getAttribute(‘属性’)</code>** 获取。</li>
<li>但是有些自定义属性很容易引起歧义，不容易判断是元素的<strong>内置属性还是自定义属性</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="H5给我们新增了自定义属性："><a href="#H5给我们新增了自定义属性：" class="headerlink" title="H5给我们新增了自定义属性："></a>H5给我们新增了自定义属性：</h4><ol>
<li><strong>设置H5自定义属性</strong>:</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>H5规定自定义属性<code>data-开头</code>做为属性名并且赋值。</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">比如: </span><br><span class="line">&lt;div data-index=“<span class="number">1</span>”&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span><br><span class="line">或者使用 JS 设置:  </span><br><span class="line">element.setAttribute(‘data-index’, <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li><strong>获取H5自定义属性</strong>:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>兼容性获取   <strong><code>element.getAttribute(‘data-index’)</code></strong></li>
<li>H5新增 <strong><code>element.dataset.index</code></strong>  或者 <strong><code>element.dataset[‘index’]</code></strong>   <strong>ie11才开始支持</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h2 id="节点操作"><a href="#节点操作" class="headerlink" title="节点操作:"></a>节点操作:</h2><ul>
<li><h3 id="为什么学节点操作"><a href="#为什么学节点操作" class="headerlink" title="为什么学节点操作:"></a>为什么学节点操作:</h3><blockquote>
<p><strong>获取元素通常使用两种方式：</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p><strong>利用 DOM 提供的方法获取元素</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>document.getElementById() </code></strong></li>
<li><strong><code>document.getElementsByTagName()</code></strong></li>
<li><strong><code>document.querySelector</code></strong>  等</li>
<li>逻辑性不强、繁琐</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><h4 id="利用节点层级关系获取元素"><a href="#利用节点层级关系获取元素" class="headerlink" title="利用节点层级关系获取元素:"></a>利用节点层级关系获取元素:</h4><ul>
<li>利用<strong>父子兄节点关系</strong>获取元素</li>
<li>逻辑性强， 但是兼容性稍差</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><strong>这两种方式都可以获取元素节点，项目中都会使用，但是节点操作更简单</strong></p>
</li>
</ol>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h4 id="节点概述："><a href="#节点概述：" class="headerlink" title="节点概述："></a>节点概述：</h4><ul>
<li>网页中的所有内容都是<strong>节点（标签、属性、文本、注释等）</strong>，在DOM 中，节点使用 <code>node</code> 来表示。</li>
<li>HTML <code>DOM</code>树中的<strong>所有节点均可通过 JavaScript 进行访问，所有 HTML 元素（节点）均可被修改，也可以创建或删除</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src= "/img/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://gitee.com/he_chaoming/blog_tuchuang/raw/master/20200918/PMw3!t8tDbWy.png" alt="DOM树"></p>
<ul>
<li>一般地，节点至少拥有**<code>nodeType（节点类型）、nodeName（节点名称）和nodeValue（节点值）</code>**这三个基本属性。<ol>
<li>元素节点  <strong>nodeType  为 1</strong></li>
<li>属性节点  <strong>nodeType  为 2</strong></li>
<li>文本节点  <strong>nodeType  为 3</strong> （文本节点包含文字、空格、换行等）</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><strong>注:</strong> 我们在实际开发中，<strong>节点操作</strong>主要操作的是<strong>元素节点</strong></li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="节点层级："><a href="#节点层级：" class="headerlink" title="节点层级："></a>节点层级：</h3><blockquote>
<p>利用 DOM 树可以把节点划分为不同的层级关系，<strong>常见的是父子兄层级关系</strong>。</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><h4 id="父级节点"><a href="#父级节点" class="headerlink" title="父级节点"></a>父级节点</h4></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">node.parentNode</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>parentNode</code></strong> 属性可<strong>返回某节点的父节点</strong>，注意<strong>是最近的一个父节点</strong></li>
<li>如果指定的节点<strong>没有父节点则返回 <code>null</code></strong> </li>
</ul>
<hr>
<ol start="2">
<li><h4 id="子节点"><a href="#子节点" class="headerlink" title="子节点:"></a>子节点:</h4></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1.</span> parentNode.childNodes(标准)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>parentNode.childNodes</code></strong> 返回包含指定节点的子节点的集合，该集合为即时更新的集合。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意："><a href="#注意：" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><p>​    <strong>返回值里面包含了所有的子节点，包括元素节点，文本节点等。</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>如果只想要获得里面的元素节点</strong>，则需要专门处理。 所以我们一般<strong>不提倡使用</strong> <strong><code>childNodes</code></strong></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="例如"><a href="#例如" class="headerlink" title="例如:"></a>例如:</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ul = <span class="built_in">document</span>. querySelector(‘ul’);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; ul.childNodes.length;i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (ul.childNodes[i].nodeType == <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;    <span class="comment">// ul.childNodes[i] 是元素节点</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(ul.childNodes[i]);&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2.</span> parentNode.children(非标准)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>parentNode.children</code></strong> 是一个<strong>只读属性</strong>，<strong>返回所有的子元素节点</strong>。它只返回子元素节点，<strong>其余节点不返回 （这个是重点掌握的）</strong>。</li>
<li>虽然**<code>children</code>** <strong>是一个非标准，但是得到了各个浏览器的支持</strong>，因此我们可以放心使用</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">3.</span> parentNode.firstChild</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>firstChild</code></strong> 返回<strong>第一个子节点，找不到则返回null</strong>。同样，也是<strong>包含所有的节点</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">4.</span> parentNode.lastChild</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>lastChild</code></strong> 返回<strong>最后一个子节点</strong>，<strong>找不到则返回null</strong>。同样，也是<strong>包含所有的节点</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">5.</span> parentNode.firstElementChild</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>firstElementChild</code></strong>  返回<strong>第一个子元素节点</strong>，<strong>找不到则返回null</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">6.</span> parentNode.lastElementChild</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>lastElementChild</code></strong> 返回<strong>最后一个子元素节点</strong>，<strong>找不到则返回null</strong>。 </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-1"><a href="#注意：-1" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><p><strong>5，6两个方法有兼容性问题</strong>，IE9 以上才支持。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>实际开发中，<code>firstChild 和 lastChild</code> <strong>包含其他节点，操作不方便</strong>，而 <code>firstElementChild 和 lastElementChild</code> <strong>又有兼容性问题</strong>，那么我们如何获取第一个子元素节点或最后一个子元素节点呢？</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="解决方案："><a href="#解决方案：" class="headerlink" title="解决方案："></a>解决方案：</h4><ol>
<li>如果想要<strong>第一个子元素节点</strong>，可以使用 <code>parentNode.chilren[0] </code></li>
<li>如果想要<strong>最后一个子元素节点</strong>，可以使用 <code>parentNode.chilren[parentNode.chilren.length - 1]</code></li>
</ol>
<hr>
<ol start="3">
<li><h4 id="兄弟节点-："><a href="#兄弟节点-：" class="headerlink" title="兄弟节点 ："></a>兄弟节点 ：</h4></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1.</span> node.nextSibling</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>nextSibling</code></strong> 返回当前元素的<strong>下一个兄弟元素节点</strong>，<strong>找不到则返回null</strong>。同样，也是<strong>包含所有的节点</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2.</span> node.previousSibling</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>previousSibling</code></strong> 返回当前元素<strong>上一个兄弟元素节点，找不到则返回null</strong>。同样，也是<strong>包含所有的节点</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">3.</span> node.nextElementSibling</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>nextElementSibling</code></strong> 返回当前元素<strong>下一个兄弟元素节点</strong>，<strong>找不到则返回null</strong>。 </li>
</ul>
<hr>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">4.</span> node.previousElementSibling</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>previousElementSibling</code></strong> 返回当前元素<strong>上一个兄弟节点</strong>，<strong>找不到则返回null</strong>。 </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="注意：-2"><a href="#注意：-2" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h4><p><strong>3,4</strong>这两个方法有兼容性问题， IE9 以上才支持。</p>
<h4 id="如何解决兼容性问题-？"><a href="#如何解决兼容性问题-？" class="headerlink" title="如何解决兼容性问题 ？"></a>如何解决兼容性问题 ？</h4><ul>
<li>自己<strong>封装</strong>一个兼容性的函数：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getNextElementSibling</span>(<span class="params">element</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> el = element;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">while</span> (el = el.nextSibling) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (el.nodeType === <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> el;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="创建节点"><a href="#创建节点" class="headerlink" title="创建节点:"></a>创建节点:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">&#x27;tagName&#x27;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>document.createElement()</code></strong> 方法创建由 <strong><code>tagName</code> **指定的 HTML 元素。因为这些元素原先不存在，是</strong>根据我们的需求动态生成的<strong>，所以我们也称为</strong>动态创建元素节点**。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="添加节点"><a href="#添加节点" class="headerlink" title="添加节点:"></a>添加节点:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1.</span> node.appendChild(child)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>node.appendChild() </code>**方法将</strong>一个节点添加到指定父节点的子节点列表末尾**。类似于 CSS 里面的 <code>after </code>伪元素。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2.</span> node.insertBefore(child, 指定元素) </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>node.insertBefore()</code></strong> 方法将<strong>一个节点添加到父节点的指定子节点前面</strong>。类似于 CSS 里面的 <code>before</code> 伪元素。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="删除节点"><a href="#删除节点" class="headerlink" title="删除节点:"></a>删除节点:</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">node.removeChild(child) </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>node.removeChild()</code></strong> 方法从 <strong>DOM 中删除一个子节点</strong>，<strong>返回删除的节点</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="复制节点-克隆节点"><a href="#复制节点-克隆节点" class="headerlink" title="复制节点(克隆节点):"></a>复制节点(克隆节点):</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">node.cloneNode()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><strong><code>node.cloneNode()</code></strong> 方法返回<strong>调用该方法的节点的一个副本</strong>。 <strong>也称为克隆节点/拷贝节点</strong></li>
</ul>
<hr>
</li>
<li><h3 id="三种动态创建元素区别"><a href="#三种动态创建元素区别" class="headerlink" title="三种动态创建元素区别:"></a>三种动态创建元素区别:</h3><ul>
<li><code>document.write()</code></li>
<li><code>element.innerHTML</code></li>
<li><code>document.createElement()</code></li>
</ul>
<p>####　区别：</p>
<ol>
<li><strong><code>document.write</code></strong> 是<strong>直接将内容写入页面的内容流</strong>，但是<strong>文档流执行完毕，则它会导致页面全部重绘</strong></li>
<li><strong><code>innerHTML</code></strong> 是<strong>将内容写入某个 DOM 节点，不会导致页面全部重绘</strong></li>
<li><strong><code>innerHTML</code></strong> 创建多个元素效率更高（<strong>不要拼接字符串，采取数组形式拼接</strong>），结构稍微复杂</li>
<li><strong><code>createElement()</code></strong> 创建多个元素效率稍低一点点，但是结构更清晰</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="总结："><a href="#总结：" class="headerlink" title="总结："></a>总结：</h4><p>不同浏览器下，<code>innerHTML</code> 效率要比 <code>creatElement</code> 高</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">六根清静</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://liugenqingjing2.coding.me/2020/09/18/JavaScript%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%82%B9%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93-%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80-JavaScript%E4%B9%8BDOM-%E4%B8%8B/">https://liugenqingjing2.coding.me/2020/09/18/JavaScript知识点总结-十一-JavaScript之DOM-下/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://liugenqingjing2.coding.me" target="_blank">小何blog (记录美好)</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a 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href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">操作元素:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">自定义属性的操作:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取属性值:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">区别：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置属性值:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%EF%BC%9A-1"><span class="toc-number">1.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">区别：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A7%BB%E9%99%A4%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">移除属性:</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#H5%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">H5自定义属性:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#H5%E7%BB%99%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%9E%E4%BA%86%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">H5给我们新增了自定义属性：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">节点操作:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%AD%A6%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">为什么学节点操作:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%B1%82%E7%BA%A7%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">2.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">利用节点层级关系获取元素:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">节点概述：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%B1%82%E7%BA%A7%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">节点层级：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%88%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">父级节点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%90%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">子节点:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82"><span class="toc-number">2.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">例如:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-1"><span class="toc-number">2.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">解决方案：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9-%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">兄弟节点 ：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%9A-2"><span class="toc-number">2.2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">注意：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E6%80%A7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98-%EF%BC%9F"><span class="toc-number">2.2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">如何解决兼容性问题 ？</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建节点:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加节点:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">删除节点:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9-%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">复制节点(克隆节点):</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">三种动态创建元素区别:</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">2.7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="card-content"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas 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